For many people, the terms electrical engineer vs electrician can seem identical, but there are some key differences between the two. These differences aren’t just superficial either, they affect the educational background that will be needed, the scope of the day-to-day work to be done, as well as salary expectations.
When choosing between the two careers, it is important to understand what skills will be needed, as well as the type of work you’ll be doing, as both professions require many years of training to become qualified.
So without further ado, let’s take a look at the key differences between an electrical engineer vs electrician.
In short, no. While both electrical engineers and electricians do work with electricity, their job roles are very different.
Electricians are responsible for dealing with electrical wiring, including installation, maintenance, and repair. In contrast, electrical engineers have a much broader job role.
Electrical engineers work in designing, studying, and manufacturing electrical control systems and components. The training and education paths for the two roles are also very different.
Electricity is central to so many areas of industry and business, that electrical engineers are highly sought after. Electrical engineers are needed for maintaining and designing electrical systems in buildings, transport networks, power distribution networks, construction, manufacturing, and renewable energy.
Electrical engineers generally work in multidisciplinary teams and can be involved in the design, implementation, testing, and maintenance stages of electrical systems.
Electrical engineers can be based in a variety of locations, depending on the field they are working in. For example, they could be in a workshop, laboratory, production plant, factory, office, or even outdoors.
The job role can also involve working at heights or in cramped and dusty conditions. It can often include traveling to get to project sides, meetings with clients, or for training.
There is a fair amount of scope for overseas working, including in the manufacturing, oil, petroleum, and power sectors. These jobs can be direct with overseas firms, or with a US-based company that provides overseas positions.
Self-employment and consultancy positions are a potential route, but these are usually only accessible for established and experiences electrical engineers.
Electricians are skilled tradespeople who work in a variety of settings, including residential homes, businesses, and factories. They are responsible for the installation, maintenance, testing and repair of electrical systems. This can include wiring, electrical control systems, electrical equipment, and machinery.
The responsibilities of an electrician can vary wildly, however, depending on the area they are working in. Because electricity is so central to the operation of such a huge range of systems, equipment, and machinery, electricians can specialize in different areas that require different skills.
The work environment can be anywhere that electricity is needed. This can include residential homes, construction sites, offices, factories, and businesses. Traveling is a possibility for many electrician job roles, as is on-call evening and weekend work.
Electrical engineers are highly academically qualified, and several steps need to be taken to become fully qualified.
1) Bachelor-level electrical engineering degree accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). Electrical engineering courses include mathematics, engineering, digital systems, and electronic circuitry. They are mainly class-based, but many degree courses include lab work and fieldwork. There are opportunities for internships to complete training in a work environment.
2) To work in the utility field post bachelor’s, electrical engineers need to first pass their Fundamentals of Engineering exam. If they receive a passing grade, they become engineers-in-training.
3) After four years of relevant work experience, engineers-in-training can take their Professional Engineer exam. They will then be fully qualified electrical engineers.
4) A master’s degree is not required to work as an electrical engineer, but many do obtain one. In fact, there are a variety of electrical engineering courses that bundle the bachelor’s and master’s level into a 5-year course.
Having a master’s degree as an electrical engineer can be an advantage in terms of career advancement, and it can also provide opportunities to go into teaching at a college level or to work in R&D.
An electrician is a skilled tradesperson and requires a high amount of both classroom-based and on-the-job training to become fully qualified.
1) A high-school diploma or equivalent is required to begin electrician training.
2) Attending a trade school is not essential, but it can help with providing a basic understanding of electronics as well as making finding an apprenticeship easier. In some cases, the hours spent in a classroom can later substitute for some of the working hours needed to become a journeyman electrician.
3) An apprenticeship is needed to become an electrician. These can be applied to in a few different ways:
An apprenticeship combines classroom work, lab work, and on-the-job training. It usually lasts for 4-5 years and can include around 1,000 hours of classwork and around 9,000 hours of on-the-job work.
4) Once the apprenticeship is complete, in some states a license or certificate is required to become a licensed electrician. This can include an electrical exam.
5) An electrician who has completed their apprenticeship and obtained their license is now a journeyman electrician. This is the entry-level electrician role. Journeyman electricians can work but their roles are limited in some ways. For instance, they can’t themselves take on apprentices, they can’t lead a team of electricians on a job site, and they can’t apply for permits.
6) Once a journeyman engineer has obtained two years of experience, they can apply to be a master electrician. In most states, they would need to take an exam. Once this is passed, they will now be able to take on all of the roles of an electrical, including training apprentices, leading teams, and applying for permits.
While there is some overlap when comparing an electrical engineer vs electrician pay scale, in general, an electrical engineer can expect to make more than an electrician. Below are the breakdowns of the different salaries one can expect in the United States.
The salary images below are sourced from payscale.com.
The pay scale for an electrical engineer is around $59k – $114k. Male and female electrical engineers can expect to make the same amount for the majority of their careers, although there are slightly more men at the upper end of the pay scale than women.
The median salary is $77k. The salary range varies depending on the state, with the highest being in Midland, Texas with a median salary of $93k and the lowest being in New York with a median salary of $72k.
The pay scale for an electrician is around $39k – $83k. Men have a higher average salary than women in mid-career but it is the same for both at the early and late-career stages.
The median salary is $44k and this again varies by the state. The highest is Enid, Colorado with a median salary of $71k and the lowest in New York with a median salary of $51k.
With both careers, professional development is key for increasing salary. For electricians, the most lucrative skill to learn is electronic troubleshooting, which can increase salary by around $3,500.
For electrical engineers, the most lucrative skills are to learn programmable logic controls (PLCs), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and other widely used programmable systems which can increase salary by around $14,000.
While it can be tempting to think that because an electrical engineer has an advanced degree and an electrician does not, that an electrical engineer would automatically be able to work as an electrician.
This is not actually the case.
The training required to become an electrical engineer does not cover the sort of knowledge and skills that are needed to work as an electrician. As well as the practical aspects of the job, electricians are also required to be knowledgeable about safety codes and how to apply them.
Performing any electrical work without knowledge of these codes can be dangerous.
Electrical engineers don’t have the same practical or safety training that electricians do so would be unable to properly complete any work that needed to be done without any additional training.
In other words, to work as an electrician, an electrical engineer would need to pass all of the assessments and complete the same amount of on-the-job training as an apprentice electrician.
Electrical engineering has many advantages, such as a high salary, job security, and prestige. With that being said, there are some disadvantages to a career in electrical engineering.
Electrical engineers face a relatively high-stress working environment. The jobs that they take on can often be large and with a high amount of investment sunk into them, which can mean that there is a lot of pressure to not make a mistake. There is also a lot of competition within the field for contracts, job roles, etc.
Just like in the tech industry, electrical engineers can find themselves in crunch situations where they have to sink a lot of working hours into getting a big project completed. This can make finding a decent work-life balance difficult during certain periods and can lead to high levels of stress.
In some electrical engineering jobs, there will direct client interaction. Managing the client’s wants and needs can be difficult and can make the job high-pressure.
Some electrical engineers will be working directly with electronic equipment. This can put them at risk, in particular, of electric shock, but injuries can also be obtained from falls, machinery falling on them, or cold weather.
While only a bachelor’s degree is required to qualify as an electrical engineer, in reality, it is very difficult to move up the salary ranks without continuing education. Some electrical engineers need to go on to complete a master’s, but most need to at least continue to complete certification in a variety of subjects and fields.
The employment growth of electrical engineers is not on a high trajectory. This is partly due to an increase in competition from overseas electrical engineers.
Many years of training and certification are needed to become an electrical engineer. Even after the completion of a bachelor’s degree, further certification and training will be needed before beginning work. The content of the bachelor’s course is technical and math-based, which can be intellectually challenging.
Working as an electrician is considered recession-proof because there will always be a need for electricians. Beyond that, it provides a decent salary without needing a college degree and the work can be interesting. There are, however, disadvantages to being an electrician.
While the draw of not needing a college degree can be powerful for many, actually the amount of training required to become an electrician takes the same (or even longer) length of time. Apprenticeships can last 4-5 years compared to 4 years for a college degree.
Electricians are more likely to suffer injuries than other workers. These can occasionally be fatal if working with high-voltage electrics or transmission lines, but they are more likely to be minor injuries such as burns, shocks, and falls.
Being an electrician is a physically demanding job role. While the late-stage career salary can be relatively high, it can be difficult to continue working as an electrician during later years. This can be offset by continued training to move up to more of a desk-job role, but this isn’t always easy to achieve.
In many electrician roles, there will be a requirement to work unsociable hours, such as evenings, weekends, and holidays. Regardless of the time of year or day, if there is a fault with the electricity it will need to be repaired immediately. These hours can make it difficult to maintain a work-life balance.
Electricians need to abide by building safety codes, which can change quite often. If the codes aren’t adhered to and something does go wrong that results in damage or injury, the electrician can be held personally responsible. This can make the job relatively high pressure.
As with electrical engineering, to rise through the pay scale, ongoing education is often needed for electricians. In some situations, this education will need to be completed during personal time and will not be paid.
Many electricians will need to buy and maintain their own tools. This can create an extra financial cost, and an extra time cost.
The career paths of both electrical engineering and electrician have pluses and minuses. They are very different job roles that require a very different skillset. They also require different educational and training path.
Electrical engineers need academic training and work more in a design and implementation role, whereas an electrician requires extensive vocation training, and will work more in an installation, maintenance, and repair role.
Electrical engineers are paid better than electricians, although there is some overlap in the pay scales at the middle point.
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